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The
100 Most Eminent Psychologists of the 20th Century
Review
of General Psychology.
2002, Vol. 6, No. 2, 139–152
Steven
J. Haggbloom (Western Kentucky University)
Renee Warnick, Jason E. Warnick, Vinessa K.
Jones, Gary L. Yarbrough,
Tenea M. Russell, Chris M. Borecky, Reagan McGahhey, John L. Powell III,
Jamie Beavers, and Emmanuelle Monte (Arkansas State University)
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A
rank-ordered list was constructed that reports
the first 99 of the 100 most eminent psychologists
of the 20th century. Eminence was measured by
scores on 3 quantitative variables and 3 qualitative
variables. The quantitative variables were journal
citation frequency, introductory psychology
textbook citation frequency, and survey response
frequency. The qualitative variables were National
Academy of Sciences membership, election as
American Psychological Association (APA) president
or receipt of the APA Distinguished Scientific
Contributions Award, and surname used as an
eponym. The qualitative variables were quantified
and combined with the other 3 quantitative variables
to produce a composite score that was then used
to construct a rank-ordered list of the most
eminent psychologists of the 20th century.
Article in the Monitor |
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1. B.F. Skinner
2. Jean Piaget
3. Sigmund Freud
4. Albert Bandura
5. Leon Festinger
6. Carl R. Rogers
7. Stanley Schachter
8. Neal E. Miller
9. Edward Thorndike
10. A. H. Maslow
11. Gordon W. Allport
12. Erik H. Erikson
13. Hans J. Eysenck
14. William James
15. David C. McClelland
16. Raymond B. Cattell
17. John B. Watson
18. Kurt Lewin
19. Donald O. Hebb
20. George A. Miller
21. Clark L. Hull
22. Jerome Kagan
23. Carl G. Jung
24. Ivan P. Pavlov
25. Walter Mischel
26. Harry F. Harlow
27. J. P. Guilford
28. Jerome S. Bruner
29. Ernest R. Hilgard
30. Lawrence Kohlberg
31. Martin E.P. Seligman
32. Ulric Neisser
33. Donald T. Campbell
34. Roger Brown
35. R. B. Zajonc
36. Endel Tulving
37. Herbert A. Simon
38. Noam Chomsky
39. Edward E. Jones
40. Charles E. Osgood
41. Solomon E. Asch
42. Gordon H. Bower
43. Harold H. Kelley
44. Roger W. Sperry
45. Edward C. Tolman
46. Stanley Milgram
47. Arthur R. Jensen
48. Lee J. Cronbach
49. John Bowlby
50. Wolfgang Köhler
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51. David Wechsler
52. S. S. Stevens
53. Joseph Wolpe
54. D. E. Broadbent
55. Roger N. Shepard
56. Michael I. Posner
57. Theodore M. Newcomb
58. Elizabeth F. Loftus
59. Paul Ekman
60. Robert J. Sternberg
61. Karl S. Lashley
62. Kenneth Spence
63. Morton Deutsch
64. Julian B. Rotter
65. Konrad Lorenz
66. Benton Underwood
67. Alfred Adler
68. Michael Rutter
69. Alexander R. Luria
70. Eleanor E. Maccoby
71. Robert Plomin
72.5.* G. Stanley Hall
72.5. Lewis M. Terman
74.5.* Eleanor J. Gibson
74.5. Paul E. Meehl
76. Leonard Berkowitz
77. William K. Estes
78. Eliot Aronson
79. Irving L. Janis
80. Richard S. Lazarus
81. W. Gary Cannon
82. Allen L. Edwards
83. Lev Semenovich Vygotsky
84. Robert Rosenthal
85. Milton Rokeach
88.5.* John Garcia
88.5. James J. Gibson
88.5. David Rumelhart
88.5. L. L. Thurston
88.5. Margaret Washburn
88.5. Robert Woodworth
93.5.* Edwin G. Boring
93.5. John Dewey
93.5. Amos Tversky
93.5. Wilhelm Wundt
96. Herman A. Witkin
97. Mary D. Ainsworth
98. Orval Hobart Mowrer
99. Anna Freud
*Numbers with .5 indicate a tie in
the ranking. In these cases, the mean
is listed.
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Presidents
American Psychological Association
President's Office
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2009 |
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2008 |
Alan E. Kazdin, PhD |
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2007 |
Sharon Stephens Brehm, PhD |
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2006 |
Gerald P. Koocher,
PhD |
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2005 |
Ronald L. Levant,
EdD, MBA, ABPP |
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2004 |
Diane F. Halpern,
PhD |
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2003 |
Robert J. Sternberg,
PhD |
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2002 |
Philip G. Zimbardo,
PhD |
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2001 |
Norine G. Johnson,
PhD |
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2000 |
Patrick H. Deleon,
PhD, MPH, JD |
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1999 |
Richard M. Suinn,
PhD |
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1998 |
Martin E. P.
Seligman, PhD |
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1997 |
Norman Abeles.
PhD |
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1996 |
Dorothy W. Cantor,
PsyD |
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1995 |
Robert J. Resnick,
PhD, ABPP |
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1994 |
Ronald E. Fox,
PhD |
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1993 |
Frank Farley,
PhD |
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1992 |
Jack Wiggins,
Jr., PhD |
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1991 |
Charles Spielberger,
PhD |
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1990 |
Stanley Graham,
PhD |
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1989 |
Joseph D. Matarazzo,
PhD |
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1988 |
Raymond D. Fowler,
PhD, ABPP |
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1987 |
Bonnie R. Strickland,
PhD |
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1986 |
Logan Wright,
PhD |
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1985 |
Robert Perloff,
PhD |
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1984 |
Janet T. Spence,
PhD |
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1983 |
Max Siegal, PhD |
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1982 |
William Bevan,
PhD |
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1981 |
John J. Conger,
PhD |
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1980 |
Florence L. Denmark,
PhD |
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1979 |
Nicholas A. Cummings,
PhD |
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1978 |
M. Brewster Smith,
PhD |
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1977 |
Theodore Blau,
PhD |
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1976 |
Wilbert J. Mckeachie,
PhD |
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1975 |
Donald T. Campbell,
PhD |
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1974 |
Albert Bandura,
PhD |
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1973 |
Leona E. Tyler,
PhD |
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1972 |
Anne Anastasi,
PhD |
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1971 |
Kenneth B. Clark,
PhD |
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1970 |
George W. Albee,
PhD |
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1969 |
George A. Miller,
PhD |
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1968 |
A. H. Maslow,
PhD |
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1967 |
Gardner Lindzey,
PhD |
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1966 |
Nicholas Hobbs,
PhD |
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1965 |
Jerome Bruner,
PhD |
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1964 |
Quinn McNemar,
PhD |
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1963 |
Charles E. Osgood,
PhD |
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1962 |
Paul E. Meehl,
PhD |
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1961 |
Neal E. Miller,
PhD |
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1960 |
Donald O. Hebb,
PhD |
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1959 |
W. Kohler, PhD |
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1958 |
H. F. Harlow,
PhD |
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1957 |
Lee J. Cronbach,
PhD |
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1956 |
Theodore M. Newcombe,
PhD |
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1955 |
E. Lowell Kelly,
PhD |
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1954 |
O. H. Mowrer,
PhD |
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1953 |
Laurence Frederic
Shaffer, PhD |
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1952 |
Joseph McVicker
Hunt, PhD |
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1951 |
Robert R. Sears,
PhD |
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1950 |
Joy Paul Guilford,
PhD |
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1949 |
Ernest R. Hilgard,
PhD |
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1948 |
Donald G. Marquis,
PhD |
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1947 |
Carl R. Rogers,
PhD |
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1946 |
Henry E. Garrett,
PhD |
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1945 |
Edwin R. Guthrie,
PhD |
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1944 |
Garder Murphy,
PhD |
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1943 |
John Edward Anderson,
PhD |
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1942 |
Calvin Perry
Stone, PhD |
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1941 |
Herbert Woodrow,
PhD |
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1940 |
Leonard Carmichael,
PhD |
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1939 |
Gordon Willard
Allport, PhD |
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1938 |
John Frederick
Dashiell, PhD |
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1937 |
Edward Chace
Tolman, PhD |
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1936 |
Clark Leonard
Hull, PhD |
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1935 |
Albert Theodor
Poffenberger, PhD |
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1934 |
Joseph Peterson,
PhD |
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1933 |
Luis Leon Thurstone,
PhD |
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1932 |
Walter Richard
Miles, PhD |
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1931 |
Walther Samuel
Hunter, PhD |
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1930 |
Herbert Sidney
Langfeld, PhD |
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1929 |
Karl Lashley,
PhD |
|
1928 |
Edwin Garrigues
Boring, PhD |
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1927 |
Harry Levi Hollingsworth,
PhD |
|
1926 |
Harvey A. Carter,
PhD |
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1925 |
Madison Bentley,
PhD |
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1924 |
Granville Stanley
Hall, PhD |
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1923 |
Lewis Madison
Terman, PhD |
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1922 |
Knight Dunlap,
PhD |
|
1921 |
Margaret Floy
Washburn, PhD |
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1920 |
Shepard Ivory
Franz, PhD |
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1919 |
Walter Dill Scott,
PhD |
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1918 |
John Wallace
Baird, PhD |
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1917 |
Robert Mearns
Yerkes, PhD |
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1916 |
Raymond Dodge,
PhD |
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1915 |
John Broadus
Watson, PhD |
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1914 |
Robert Sessions
Woodworth, PhD |
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1913 |
Howard Crosby
Warren, PhD |
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1912 |
Edward Lee Thorndike,
PhD |
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1911 |
Carl Emil Seashore,
PhD |
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1910 |
Walter Bowers
Pillsbury, PhD |
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1909 |
Charles Hubbard
Judd, PhD |
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1908 |
George Malcolm
Stratton, PhD |
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1907 |
Henry Rutgers
Marshall, AM |
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1906 |
James Rowland
Angell, MA |
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1905 |
Mary Whiton Calkins,
AM |
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1904 |
William James,
MD |
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1903 |
William Lowe
Bryan, PhD |
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1902 |
Edmund Clark
Sanford, PhD |
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1901 |
Josiah Royce,
PhD |
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1900 |
Joseph Jastrow,
PhD |
|
1899 |
John Dewey, PhD |
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1898 |
Hugo Munensterberg,
PhD |
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1897 |
James Mark Baldwin,
PhD |
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1896 |
George Stuart
Fullerton, MA |
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1895 |
James McKeen
Cattell, PhD |
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1894 |
William James,
MD |
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1893 |
George Trumbull
Ladd, PhD |
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1892 |
Granville Stanley
Hall, PhD |
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